
Petroleum coke, or petcoke, is a product produced from all types of oil (light/heavy crudes) during the oil refining process. Petroleum coke is a valuable and essential commercial product that is used directly in a wide range of applications including aluminum manufacturing, fuels, and numerous other products including steel, glass, paint, and fertilizers. Petroleum coke is also used as a fuel in power generation, cement kilns and other industries.

Bauxite is the most common aluminium-rich ore that is used for aluminium production (the metallurgical bauxites) and for production of refractory materials, chemicals or cements (the non-metallurgical bauxites). It is composed primarily of impure aluminium hydroxides along with a lot of silica, iron and other impurities. It is usually formed as a weathering product of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.

Sulphur is a non-metallic element identified on the periodic chart by the letter S. It occurs naturally in the environment and is the sixteenth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Sulphur is a vital commodity and an integral component of the world economy. It is used to manufacture a variety of critical products including fertilizers, industrial feedstocks, and plant nutrients.Sulphur was mined in order to meet world demand for the element, today sulphur is produced as a byproduct of oil and gas refining.

Wood pellet is a solid fuel that is produced by crushing and densifying waste timber like sawdust, forestry residues, industrial byproducts like old paper and forestry wastes. Wood pellets are small, typically 6mm in diameter and no more than 15mm long. When heated and exposed to high pressure, lignin, the binding component in wood, softens and allows the wood product to be shaped and pressed into a pellet.

Woodchips are small- to medium-sized pieces of wood formed by cutting or chipping larger pieces of wood such as trees, branches, logging residues, stumps, roots, and wood waste. Woodchips may be used mainly as a biomass solid fuel and is a raw material for producing wood pulp for paper production.

Metallurgical coal or coking coal is used in the process of creating coke necessary for iron and steel-making. Coke is a porous, hard black rock of concentrated carbon that is created by heating bituminous coal without air to extremely high temperatures.

Thermal coal also known as Steam coal, has a lower energy content and higher moisture, and is suitable for electric power production. Steam coal is ground into a fine powder that burns quickly at high heats and is used in power plants to heat water in boilers that run steam turbines and is used to make steel and other metals.
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